Open access
Aug 2026
Physiological Responses in the Hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei to Carbonate Alkalinity Stress and Subsequent Recovery: Integration of Antioxidant, Immune, and Metabolic Profiles
CA stress compromised hepatopancreatic homeostasis by damaging morphological integrity, eliciting stress and immune responses, and perturbing energy metabolism and metabolite homeostasis; these adverse effects were not readily reversible in the short term.
Ruijie Zhu, Meng Xiao, Fa-Lin Zhou et al.
· Antioxidants · 0 citations