TE-ISC-PGO: A Tunnel-Enhanced LiDAR–Inertial SLAM Framework for Underground Mine Roadway Mapping
LiDAR–inertial simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is fundamental to autonomous robots operating in underground mine roadways, where corridor-like geometry, repeated structures, and weak observability can lead to accumulated drift and perceptual aliasing. This article presents TE-ISC-PGO, a tunnel-enhanced bac...