Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Engineering osteoporosis-related bone organoids: a mechanism–module–functional readout framework for disease modelling and biomarker translation
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterised by reduced bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration and increased fracture risk. Its pathogenesis extends beyond an imbalance between bone formation and resorption and involves osteoimmune dysregulation, vascular insufficiency, oxidative and inflammatory str...
Xiao-Ping Lv, Xiao-Juan Ran, Chang-Mei Wei et al.
· Frontiers in Cell and Develo... · 0 citations