Preprint
Oct 2026
Beyond Tokens: NumAnchor for Address-Grounded Numeric Operand Representation in Assembly Language Models
Assembly language models (ALMs) are becoming important for automated binary analysis, yet their token-level interfaces often obscure numeric-like operands. In two corpora, such operands account for 45.7% and 40.9% of operand occurrences and may denote branch targets, global data, stack slots, constants, or unresolved p...
Kun Liu, Keith Mitchell, Xin Hu et al.
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