Chronic Inflammation, Fibrotic Remodeling, and Regenerative Failure in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities
This review integrates mechanistic and translational evidence linking dystrophin deficiency, FAP-centered stromal remodeling, immune–stem cell crosstalk, and tissue-specific differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle to define stage-specific and niche-directed strategies that complement dystrophin restoration.