Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma and novel treatment strategies
In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab have substantially improved the prognosis of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. These agents have greatly changed the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma, shifting the treatment paradig...
Li Chen, Jie Cheng, Shi-Long Mao
· Frontiers in Oncology · 0 citations