The Adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning and Business Intelligence Systems in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Systematic Literature and Experts’ Verification
Aim/Purpose: This study aims to identify the key factors influencing the adoption of integrated enterprise resource planning and business intelligence systems (ERPBI) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Using the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, the study develops a conceptual framework explaining how technological, organizational, and environmental determinants shape ERPBI adoption. Background: ERP and BI systems are increasingly interdependent: ERP systems integrate operational data, while BI systems convert that data into decision-support insights. In SMEs, adopting integrated ERPBI systems is especially challenging because of limited resources, technical expertise, and managerial capacity. Since existing studies often examine ERP and BI separately, an integrated, SME-focused framework is needed to better explain the combined adoption of operational and analytical capabilities. Methodology: A two-phase research design was employed. First, a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2025 was conducted to extract ERPBI adoption determinants. Second, ten domain specialists were selected through purposive sampling based on their experience in ERP, BI, SME digitalization, or information systems adoption. They evaluated the relevance and importance of the identified determinants, which were then ranked using aggregated mean expert scores. Contribution: This study consolidates fragmented ERP and BI adoption research into an integrated ERPBI perspective and proposes a validated TOE-based conceptual framework specifically tailored to SMEs. Findings: The findings suggest that ERPBI adoption in SMEs is influenced by twelve technological, organizational, and environmental determinants: top management support, training, competitive pressure, communication, firm size, compatibility, relative advantage, perceived usefulness, artificial intelligence tools, big data analytics ability, cloud computing facility, and pandemic recovery planning. Rather than presenting these factors as definitive predictors of adoption success, the study synthesizes prior evidence and expert feedback to propose a structured framework for further empirical investigation. Recommendations for Practitioners: For practitioners, the proposed framework should be viewed as a decision-support guide rather than a prescriptive implementation model. SME managers may use the framework to assess key readiness areas, including technological compatibility, organizational resources, managerial support, employee capability, vendor support, and external pressures. However, the relevance and priority of these factors may vary across SME size, sector, digital maturity, and resource availability. Recommendation for Researchers: Future research should empirically test the proposed framework across different SME sectors and regions and investigate post-adoption outcomes using longitudinal approaches. Impact on Society: Effective ERPBI adoption can strengthen SME resilience, promote sustainable business practices, and contribute to economic stability through enhanced digital transformation. Future Research: Further studies are encouraged to explore emerging factors such as cybersecurity readiness, data governance, and responsible AI practices in ERPBI adoption.