Review
Open access
Jul 2026
Extracellular vesicles in heart failure: bridging pathogenic insights, diagnostic utility, and therapeutic applications
Heart failure (HF), the terminal stage of most cardiovascular diseases, remains a major global health burden with limited therapeutic options that do not fully achieve myocardial repair or functional recovery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoscale membrane-bound particles released by cells, have been increasingly rec...
Tingting Li, Jin Yang, Xinyue Ding et al.
· Frontiers in Pharmacology · 0 citations