Tip perfusion index for monitoring perioperative stress responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective cohort study
This study aimed to characterize peri-stimulus changes in the Tip Perfusion Index (TPI) and conventional hemodynamic parameters during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to compare their response dynamics among patients without major comorbidities, patients with hypertension, and patients with type 2 diabete...