Hepatopancreatic Metabolomics Reveals Distinct Metabolic Reprogramming and Growth–Defense Trade-Offs in Pond- Versus Rice Paddy-Cultured Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
The red swamp crayfish is cultivated in intensive ponds and integrated rice–crayfish systems, which drive distinct growth-oriented versus stress-resistance syndromes, yet their metabolic underpinnings are unclear. We applied untargeted LC-MS metabolomics to hepatopancreas from both systems. Among 2681 metabolites, 566...