Jing-Xian Li

Gut-brain immune dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease: a hypothesis-forming narrative review of trained immunity

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasingly understood as a multisystem disorder in which gastrointestinal dysfunction, immune remodeling, protein aggregation, and central neurodegeneration interact across the disease course. Although gut microbiota alterations are repeatedly reported in PD, taxonomic differences alone do...