Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Non-Recurrent Traffic Congestion Detection: A Case Study on the Seoul Ring Expressway
Non-recurrent congestion (NRC), caused by unforeseen events such as crashes, lane closures, and adverse weather, accounts for approximately half of all delays on urban freeways, yet it remains difficult to distinguish from routine congestion at recurrent bottlenecks. This study proposes an NRC detection framework based...