Open access
Aug 2026
A hybrid content and character feature method for SMS spam detection
Short message service (SMS) spam remains a significant challenge due to its impact on user security and communication efficiency. This study proposes a hybrid spam detection model, convolutional neural network with content and character-based features (CNN-CCB), which integrates word-level features and character-level...
Gertrude Selase Gosu, Edward Appau Nketiah, Li Wang et al.
· International Journal of Ele... · 0 citations