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Joshua Nunley

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Preprint Aug 2026

TANGO: Treating Tokens as Operators

Transformers separate cross-token mixing in self-attention from token-wise transformation in feed-forward networks. We ask whether combining these operations can lower predictive loss under fixed data and parameter budgets. To do so, we introduce the Token-Aggregated Nonlinear Gating Operator (TANGO) model. TANGO compu...

Joshua Nunley · 0 citations
#natural language process... Preprint Aug 2026

TANGO: Token-Aggregated Nonlinear Gating Operators for Natural and Formal Language Modeling

The TANGO model (Token-Aggregated Nonlinear Gating Operators), which replaces these two sublayers with one cross-token gated residual update, obtains the lowest mean validation negative log-likelihood on FineWeb-Edu, Lean, and DeepMind Mathematics, although it has the largest analytical forward-pass operation count.

Joshua Nunley · 0 citations

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