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Joshua Penman

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#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Semantic Overlays: Mitigating Prompt Injection with Annotations Beyond Tokens and Steering Vectors

This work introduces a general steering technique called Semantic Overlays: small learned adapters applied at chosen prefill positions to a frozen model's residual stream that defends against the broad class of prompt injections that add instructions in untrusted context.

Joshua Penman · 0 citations