Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Craniofacial development: genetics, signaling pathways, teratogenic mechanisms, and clinal significance
Craniofacial development is a highly coordinated and stage-specific process involving neural crest cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Genetic mutations, signaling pathway abnormalities, and exposure to environmental teratogens can disrupt normal development. These ano...
Xin-Li Lv, Juan Du
· Molecular Biomedicine · 0 citations