Surface deformation in rapidly urbanizing coastal cities is often shaped by the interplay between hydrogeological setting and development disturbance, yet these controls remain insufficiently constrained in tropical coastal environments. Using 119 ascending Sentinel-1A scenes acquired between September 2020 and August 2025, we derived a high-density line-of-sight (LOS) deformation field over Haikou, China, through the combined use of PS-InSAR and DS-InSAR time-series analysis. The results show pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with negative LOS anomalies concentrated in reclaimed coastal sectors, port-adjacent zones, and Jiangdong New District, where cumulative LOS displacement locally approaches 90 mm. DS-InSAR increased the number of valid observations to 764,573, approximately 2.8 times that of PS-InSAR, and showed good internal consistency with collocated PS estimates (R2 = 0.8048). Positive LOS zones are present but are generally weaker and more spatially diffuse than the major negative anomalies, indicating that the near-zero city-wide mean partly reflects compensation between localized negative and positive signals. Spatial attribution analysis suggests that groundwater type, aquifer water-yield property, and geological zoning provide the main hydrogeological background associated with deformation, whereas human activity intensity, road density, and land-use intensity are associated with stronger negative deformation where hydrogeological conditions are susceptible. Because the dataset is limited to a single ascending viewing geometry, the reported deformation is interpreted as LOS motion rather than a fully resolved vertical subsidence field. These results support a cautiously framed interpretation in which coastal urban deformation in Haikou is hydrogeologically conditioned and development-amplified, providing a basis for targeted monitoring and risk-informed planning in newly developed coastal districts.
Zi-Han Song, Kai Wei, Zhixin Wang et al.· Remote Sensing· 0 citations
Ensuring the stability of coal mine roofs is a critical technical prerequisite for safe underground operations and the structural stability of underground engineering systems in mining areas. However, roof instability is governed by the variability and dependence structure of multiple geotechnical parameters, including elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, cohesion, and internal friction angle. To address the challenges of insufficient modeling accuracy for multivariate joint distributions and the difficulty of tail-risk assessment under small-sample constraints, this study proposes reproducible data generation methods using the D-Vine Copula and Tabular Variational Autoencoder (TVAE) for assessing the reliability risk of coal mine roof structures from multiple sources. Based on 192 sets of measured data, the performance of both methods in simulating the multivariate joint distribution of geotechnical parameters is systematically compared. The results indicate that the key geotechnical parameters of the coal mine roof exhibit pronounced non-normal marginal distributions, nonlinear inter-variable dependence, and sparse data coverage in high-value regions. Both simulation methods are capable of effectively characterizing the asymmetric dependency structures among the parameters. Nevertheless, D-Vine Copula exhibits considerable statistical uncertainty in tail parameter estimation, resulting in substantial extrapolation of simulation samples for elastic modulus and cohesion. In contrast, TVAE provides a more robust statistical basis than the Copula approach for tail risk assessment under extreme parameter combinations. The proposed methodology offers a critical data foundation for stability analysis in complex geological conditions, thereby supporting disaster prevention and providing a reliable engineering basis for the structural design and risk control of underground mining systems.
Jianqiang Zhang, Jia-Zeng Cao, Tao Wang et al.· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
Light pozzolanic soft clay has high compressibility and relatively poor structural stability, which limits its direct application in subgrade and foundation engineering. This study develops a sustainable combined stabilization–reinforcement system for lightweight volcanic ash soil using a steel slag–fly ash-based composite cementitious binder (GS) and recycled polyester fiber (RPF). Unconfined compressive strength tests, unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests, and microstructural characterization were conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior and microstructural features of the treated soil. The results show that the GS binder markedly increased the soil strength, whereas RPF mainly improved specimen integrity and the post-peak response. Based on the single-additive and orthogonal test results, 24% GS, 0.6% RPF, and 9 mm fibers were identified as an appropriate mixture within the investigated factor levels for further mechanical evaluation. With the increase in confining pressure, the stress–strain response changes from strain softening to strain hardening. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed fine particulate material at local particle-contact and fiber–matrix regions, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis identified a representative Ca-rich microregion containing Si and Al. The combined use of GS binder and RPF effectively improved the strength and deformation resistance of lightweight volcanic ash soft clay.
Dan Zhou, Yongchang Yang, Jun Hu et al.· Buildings· 0 citations
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