Chitosan-selenium nanoparticles prevent retinal ganglion cell apoptosis in glaucoma via activation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 antioxidant axis.
Glaucoma is a prominent global cause of irreversible vision loss, fundamentally driven by the continuous degeneration and ultimate death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), in which persistent oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. While selenium (Se) offers robust endogenous antioxidant defense, the severe toxicity and...