Rock-Failure Proximity as a Precursor to Production during In Situ Conversion of Oil Shale: A THMC-Coupled Analysis
The in situ conversion process (ICP) of oil shale is governed by tightly coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical–chemical (THMC) interactions, yet the evolution of rock-failure proximity within a fully coupled framework remains poorly quantified. This study develops a THMC coupled framework for oil shale ICP that integr...