Development and validation of a novel nomogram for predicting long-term survival in gallbladder cancer: a large population-based study using the SEER database
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains an aggressive malignancy with a generally poor long-term outlook. In this study, we sought to develop and internally validate a prognostic nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS), aiming to improve individualized risk assessment for these patients. Methods We identified...