Green additives effectiveness in water-based drilling mud performance: A study of pistachio shell powder, magnesium oxide, and carbon black particles
Drilling fluid performance is critical for wellbore stability, cuttings transport, and minimizing formation damage, but conventional additives often raise environmental concerns. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three additives, pistachio shell powder (PSP), magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles, and carbon blac...