Global and Regional Voltage and Calcium-Transient Responses to Acute Cardiac Contractility Modulation in Isoproterenol-Treated Rat Hearts with Features Compatible with Early Remodeling
Background: Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) improves cardiac performance in heart failure, but its acute spatial effects on myocardial voltage and calcium-transient behavior remain incompletely characterized, particularly in the setting of early myocardial remodeling. Methods: In this exploratory, fixed-sequence...