Open access
Aug 2026
The Characteristic Strength and Damage Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the Combination Under the Coal Thickness Effect
The heterogeneous occurrence of coal-seam thickness represents a common geological characteristic in underground mining. Variations in coal thickness can directly alter the instability-failure behavior of coal–rock systems, thereby triggering various dynamic disasters. Therefore, revealing failure and disaster-inducing...
Baochen Wang, Yanwei Duan, Kai Ren et al.
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