Kamel Khames

Blockchain and IoT for Halal Supply-Chain Traceability: A Sharia-Compliance and Implementation Framework

Halal integrity is a matter of trust in a chain that consumers cannot inspect. Certification, standards and audits exist to supply that trust, yet fraud, mislabelling and cross-contamination remain documented problems, and the supply chains that carry halal products are long, international and paper-heavy. Blockchain a...