Weighing the Soundness of the Sanad: The Epistemological Position of Muhammad Abū Shuhbah on Isrāʾīliyyāt in the Case Study of Hārūt and Mārūt
Isrāʾīliyyāt narratives in classical tafsīr literature raise an unresolved tension between naqd al-sanad and naqd al-matan. When a report has a sound sanad yet contradicts Islamic doctrine, scholarly responses diverge. Some scholars preserve such reports through taʾwīl, while others reject them entirely. Muhammad Abū S...