Open access
Sep 2026
Neuroinflammation from ultrasound-driven blood-brain barrier modulation features early NFκB innate and late interferon immune stages
A biphasic inflammatory response is identified, characterized by an initial NFκB-driven peak at 3–6 h, followed by an interferon-mediated phase at 48 h that attenuates by a week, providing insights into establishing therapeutic windows and enhancing neuroinflammatory modulation strategies.
Jane J. Song, Payton J. Martinez, Hannah A. Lopez et al.
· Journal of Neuroinflammation · 0 citations