Translational optical and electrochemical biosensing strategies for liquid biopsy in triple-negative breast Cancer: advances, challenges, and clinical implementation.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype with no specific therapeutic targets and a high risk of early metastases. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising method for real-time monitoring using biomarkers like microRNAs, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and Extra...