Bone turnover biomarkers and semi-quantitative bone histomorphometry in chronic kidney disease: Comparison between patients with and without fractures
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased fracture risk not fully explained by reduced bone mineral density. CKD–mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), involving abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, and microarchitecture, contributes to skeletal fragility. However, the relationship b...