Katsumasa Shinozuka

Translation direction and word familiarity in word translation: an fNIRS study of intermediate Japanese learners of English

Introduction Many studies have examined the neural bases of word translation based on the revised hierarchical model (RHM). However, the findings reported thus far, mostly focusing on advanced or elementary second-language (L2) learners, have been diverse and often inconsistent. Thus, to explore possible neural bases f...