A Two-Tier Blockchain Architecture for Verifiable Explainable-AI Audit Trails: Individual and Merkle-Batched Commitment of SHAP-Based Fraud-Detection Decisions
Machine learning systems that make automated decisions, including fraud flags, loan denials, and safety interlocks, typically generate an explanation (for example via SHAP) in the same trust domain as the model itself, leaving no independent proof that the explanation shown to an auditor is the one the model actually p...