Effects of pineapple waste-derived bromelain on digestive enzymes, nutrient utilization, and economics in Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1910
The use of agro-industrial by-products as functional feed additives represents a promising strategy to enhance sustainability and digestive efficiency in aquaculture. This study investigated the dose-dependent effects of bromelain derived from pineapple processing waste on digestive physiology, nutrient utilization, an...