Free ammonia-driven sewage sludge valorization: from in-situ pretreatment to energy and resource recovery.
Sewage sludge generated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represents both a significant environmental burden and a valuable secondary resource, yet its efficient treatment, particularly energy and resource recovery, remains constrained by slow sludge solubilization and hydrolysis. Free ammonia (FA, NH3), with it...