Kyoung Hye Kong

Uremic toxin-induced pathological signaling in sinus node cells is attenuated by probenecid.

INTRODUCTION Uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS), contribue to cardiac fibrosis and maladaptive remodeling in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although their roles in ventricular and vascular pathology are well established, their effects on sinus node cells and the associated molecular...