Open access
Jul 2026
Immune checkpoint crosstalk: CTLA-4/CD80 engagement as a predictor of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy outcome in NSCLC
Background CTLA-4/CD80 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathways play critical roles in regulating T-cell activity within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have improved survival outcomes, response rates vary, and predi...
J. Gumuzio, J. Miles, Nicole Quimi et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 1 citation