This manuscript describes the comprehensive methodology for fabricating and
characterizing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites. It provides a detailed account of
the selection and specifications of all chemicals and materials used, ensuring clarity
and reproducibility for future studies. The solvent-casting method is the primary
fabrication technique described for both neat PLA films and their composites,
emphasizing precise control over filler concentrations and drying conditions to
achieve uniform, free-standing films. A wide range of characterization techniques is
covered, including thermal analysis (Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential
Scanning Calorimetry), structural analysis (X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and morphological evaluation (Scanning
Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy). Additional
assessments, such as UV-Visible Spectrophotometry and Mechanical Analysis, are
also included to evaluate functional properties. Each method includes specific
operational parameters to offer a comprehensive understanding of material
properties. Brief discussions on statistical approaches for data analysis ensure
reliability and validity in the experimental findings. Overall, this chapter serves as a
foundational resource for the experimental protocols and analytical methods
relevant to PLA composites, enhancing knowledge of their potential applications.
L. Usman· WORLD JOURNAL OF INNOVATION...· 0 citations
The rising global concerns for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) urgently demands novel antimicrobial agents. Conventional antibiotics, which are purely based on organic moieties, are failing against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) pathogens, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. However, metallodrugs, compounds incorporating metal ions, have re-emerged as a promising class of antimicrobials. Historically used in medicine, their application declined with conventional antibiotics. However, metallodrugs offer unique chemical diversity, diverse mechanisms of action, and the ability to overcome established resistance pathways. This review explores their multifaceted actions, including membrane disruption, oxidative stress induction, and enzyme inhibition. Key metal ions like silver, copper, gold, gallium, bismuth, and ruthenium are highlighted for their antimicrobial applications and therapeutic potential. Advanced strategies for enhancing metallodrug efficacy include rational ligand design, combination therapies, nanotechnology-driven delivery systems, and photoactivation. While significant opportunities exist, challenges such as toxicity concerns, pharmacokinetic optimization, potential resistance mechanisms, and regulatory pathways must be addressed. This article provides a foundation for researchers and clinicians, emphasizing metallodrugs’ transformative potential in combating the AMR crisis and shaping infectious disease treatment.
L. Usman, Dailami S. A. Masokano, Patrick I. Ahuruonye· Discover Chemistry· 0 citations
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