An Internal-Standard-Integrated Digital SERS Immunoassay for Accurate and Precise Trace-Level Cytokine Quantification in Plasma
Accurate and precise quantification of trace-level cytokines in complex biological matrices remains challenging, limiting their use as longitudinal biomarkers in clinical studies. Here, we present a nanotechnology-enabled surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform incorporating an internal standard (IS) for di...