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L. Zdeborová

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#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

In-context Learning of Single-index Targets: Comparing Kernel and Feature Learners

In-context learning (ICL) enables a pretrained model to infer a task from demonstrations without updating its parameters. While much of the existing theory focuses on linear target functions, in this paper we study nonlinear cases by comparing two one-layer attention architectures on the same family of single-index tas...

Hao-Tian Gu, Yi-Zhou Xu, L. Zdeborová · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

High-Dimensional Learning Dynamics of Attention-Indexed Models

Attention mechanisms are central to modern foundation models, yet their training dynamics remain poorly understood, especially when the attention matrices have extensive rank. In this work, we study attention-indexed models, a broad framework that can represent multi-layer and multi-head attention architectures. First,...

Yizhou Xu, M. Sagitova, Lenka Zdeborová et al. · 0 citations

On the existence of consistent adversarial attacks in high-dimensional linear classification

A new error metric is introduced that precisely captures model vulnerability to consistent adversarial attacks -- perturbations that preserve the ground-truth labels, offering theoretical insight into the mechanisms underlying model sensitivity to adversarial attacks.

Matteo Vilucchio, Lenka Zdeborová, Bruno Loureiro · 1 citation

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