Foreign direct investment, economic growth, and unemployment in Indonesia: A VECM-based analysis with implications for sustainable development
Purpose. To analyze the dynamic short-run and long-run relationships between foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth, and unemployment in Indonesia. Methodology. The study uses a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) on annual time-series data from 2000 to 2024, using Augmented Dickey-Fuller stationarity tests,...