The Fluorescent Protein Barrel as a Programmable Electrostatic Device Reveals Distinct Light-Sensitive Fluorescence States of the Chromophore.
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) enable optical readout of membrane potential by coupling conformational changes in a voltage-sensing domain to fluorescence transitions within a cytoplasmic fluorescent protein (FP) domain. Although the FP β-barrel largely shields the chromophore, the mechanisms by which v...