Integrated Metagenomic and Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Severity-Specific Gut Microbiota Signatures Across A-B-E Phenotypes in Clinically Stable COPD: A Cross-Sectional Study
Major associations between gut microbiota and phenotypic stratification in stable COPD patients are established and the identified Clostridium ljungdahlii/O-phosphoethanolamine axis may be associated with symptom burden and COPD exacerbation risk, provide a basis for further mechanistic studies.