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Li-Ming Lu

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#small language model Book Open access Nov 2026

DIRE: Dual-grained Internal Refusal Estimation for VLM Jailbreak Detection

Dual-grained Internal Refusal Estimation (DIRE), a training-free detection framework that jointly probes resilient Attention routing and FFN semantic memory within effective semantic layers to detect multimodal jailbreaks in a training-free manner, is introduced.

Xi-Yu Zeng, Li-Ming Lu, Xu Zheng et al. · 0 citations
2026

SafeSteer: Adaptive Subspace Steering for Efficient Jailbreak Defense in Vision Language Models

As the capabilities of Vision Language Models (VLMs) continue to improve, they are increasingly targeted by jailbreak attacks. Existing defense methods face two major limitations: (1) they struggle to ensure safety without compromising the model’s utility; and (2) many defense mechanisms significantly reduce the model’...

Shu-Chao Pang, Xiyu Zeng, Si-Yuan Liang et al. · 6 citations
Sep 2025

SafeSteer: Adaptive Subspace Steering for Efficient Jailbreak Defense in Vision-Language Models

SafeSteer is a lightweight, inference-time steering framework that effectively defends against diverse jailbreak attacks without modifying model weights, using the innovative use of Singular Value Decomposition to construct a low-dimensional safety subspace during inference.

Xiyu Zeng, Siyuan Liang, Liming Lu et al. · 0 citations

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