Voltage-Consistent SOC Trajectory Estimation and Concurrent Fault Decoupling of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Constrained Adaptive FFRLS-EKF
Reliable state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is essential for lithium-ion battery management, yet parameter drift, operating-profile variation, and sensor faults can compromise observer consistency. This study presents a reproducible constrained FFRLS-EKF framework in which online second-order RC parameter updates are sub...