THE GUT–BRAIN AXIS IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: LINKING MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS, BARRIER DYSFUNCTION, AND NEUROINFLAMMATION
The gut–brain axis represents a potentially modifiable interface linking microbial dysbiosis and neuroinflammation and further integration of microbiomics, metabolomics, immunophenotyping, and longitudinal clinical data is needed to establish causality and advance precision strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.