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Author

Lotfi Elaachak

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Whitening Inverts the Hierarchy: What the Norm of a Whitened Embedding Measures

Whitening a foundation-model embedding and using its squared norm as a training-free likelihood surrogate is motivated by the observation that whitened coordinates often appear approximately standard normal. We show that this observation follows from the projection central limit theorem and therefore does not imply a G...

Mohammed Ahnouch, Lotfi Elaachak · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

Spectral Rank Certification for Foundation Model Adapters

Nominal LoRA rank is a design parameter; calibrated spectral evidence is a separate inferential quantity. This article develops a finite-sample framework for inferring effective rank structure in public foundation-model adapters. The theoretical core is an exact chi-square divergence for the fixed-dimensional Gaussian...

Mohammed Ahnouch, Lotfi Elaachak · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

Interpolation Is Not Invariance: Pair Count Is Not Coverage in Transformation Audits

Four complementary quantities are distinguished---edge count $m$ effective contrast rank $s$, effective contrast rank $s$, population support rank $r$, and graph spectral gap $\eta$---and characterize their roles in audit coverage and deployment reliability.

Mohammed Ahnouch, Lotfi Elaachak · 0 citations

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