Early-life stages amplify the ecotoxicological vulnerability of freshwater gastropods to the agricultural fungicide prochloraz.
Prochloraz (PCZ) is a widely used imidazole fungicide, but its ecological hazards to nontarget freshwater gastropods in paddy-field aquatic environments remain insufficiently understood. This study evaluated developmental stage-dependent acute toxicity and adult sublethal responses to PCZ in Pomacea canaliculata. Newly...