Renal Venous Anatomy in 192 Human Kidneys: Morphometry, Hilar Topography, and Anatomical Variants
Renal venous anatomy is relevant to nephrectomy, living-donor evaluation, and retroperitoneal surgery. Classical descriptions often present a single renal vein on each side, whereas published series show that additional veins, retroaortic and circumaortic courses, and variable hilar tributaries are common. This study d...