Chemical Conditioner-Free Sludge Dewatering via CO2 Hydrate Crystallization: Coupling Organic Matter Retention, Water Extraction, and Carbon Utilization
Effective sludge dewatering is essential for reducing sludge volume and associated transportation and disposal burdens. However, conventional approaches often require substantial chemical addition or energy input, increasing operating costs and potential secondary environmental impacts. Here, we present a CO2 hydrate...