Open access
Jul 2026
Determinants of Early-Stage Breast Cancer Presentation in Western Kazakhstan: A Population-Based Analysis of Urban–Rural Disparities and Diagnostic Pathways (2015–2025)
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the leading oncological diagnosis among women in Kazakhstan, yet a substantial proportion of cases are still detected beyond the earliest stages, particularly in peripheral regions such as Aktobe. Despite a national mammography screening programme covering women aged 40–70 ye...
Dinara Zholmukhamedova, M. Taushanova, D. Walkowiak et al.
· Medicina · 0 citations