M. de Lagarde

Plasmid-driven evolution of a multi-drug resistant ETEC/ExPEC hybrid E. coli associated with neonatal septicemia in lambs, a challenge for veterinary diagnostics.

This case highlights how horizontal gene transfer promotes the development of hybrid pathotype and facilitates resistance genes acquisition, compromising traditional diagnostic approaches and treatment of atypical E. coli strains such as those with hybrid pathotypes.