The geography of Chern slopes with prescribed fundamental group
Let $G$ be the topological fundamental group of a nonsingular complex projective surface. Troncoso and Urz\'ua proved that the Chern slopes $c_1^2/c_2$ of minimal surfaces of general type $S$ with $\pi_1(S)\simeq G$ are dense in $[1,3]$, and left $[1/3,1)$ open. We prove that they are dense in $[1/2,3]$, an interval that cannot be enlarged without contradicting either a theorem of Mendes Lopes and Pardini or Reid's conjecture. We prove more: the slopes of such surfaces with $K_S$ ample are dense in $[1/2,2]$, the first case in which the conjecture of Troncoso and Urz\'ua on ample canonical classes is established. The tool is an exact ampleness criterion for their product construction, which shows in particular that their own surfaces never have ample canonical class, whatever the defining sections.